What to Expect During a Colonoscopy: Preparation, Procedure & Recovery
A colonoscopy is a common and highly effective colorectal cancer screening test that allows doctors to view the inside of your colon and rectum. It’s considered the gold standard for early detection and prevention of colon cancer.
Benefits of a Colonoscopy
- Detects colon polyps and removes them before they turn into cancer
- Diagnoses causes of digestive symptoms like rectal bleeding and abdominal pain
- Recommended every 10 years for most adults starting at age 45
How to Prepare for a Colonoscopy
Proper colonoscopy prep ensures clear visibility and accurate results. Preparation starts at least a day in advance and involves dietary restrictions and bowel cleansing.
Colonoscopy Prep Diet (Clear Liquids Only)
Avoid solid foods and consume only the following:
- Clear broth or bouillon
- Apple juice, white grape juice
- Tea or black coffee (no milk or creamer)
- Sports drinks (avoid red or purple)
- Clear gelatin (not red or purple)
Bowel Cleansing Instructions
You’ll take a laxative solution (prescribed by your doctor) to flush your system:
- Evening dose: Drink half the solution the night before.
- Morning dose: Drink the second half several hours before the procedure.
Tips for successful prep:
- Chill the solution for better taste
- Use a straw
- Stay near a bathroom
What to Expect During the Colonoscopy Procedure
A colonoscopy is usually an outpatient procedure that takes 30–60 minutes.
Sedation and Comfort
Most patients receive conscious sedation or anesthesia, making the procedure virtually painless.
How the Colonoscopy Is Performed
- A colonoscope (flexible tube with a camera) is inserted via the rectum.
- The doctor examines the entire colon and may remove polyps or take biopsies.
- The procedure is monitored closely to ensure safety.
Colonoscopy Recovery: What Happens After
Post-Procedure Effects
After your colonoscopy, you may feel:
- Mild cramping or bloating
- Drowsiness from sedation
- A small amount of gas
You’ll be monitored in recovery and need someone to drive you home.
Getting Your Results
Your doctor will:
- Discuss findings (e.g., polyps, inflammation)
- Explain if follow-up is needed
- Provide biopsy results within a few days
When Should You Get a Colonoscopy?
According to the American Cancer Society, most adults should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45.
You may need screening earlier if you have:
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A family history of colon cancer or polyps
-
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) like Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis
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Genetic conditions (e.g., Lynch syndrome) Recommended frequency:
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Every 10 years if no issues are found
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Every 3–5 years if polyps are detected